Ngā Whakatakotoranga o te Karāhe o te Tatau Reti: He mea whakamahana, he mea whakakikorua rānei mō ngā tomokanga arumoni

I whakatata mai tētahi kaiwhakahaere kaupapa i tētahi rōpū hōtēra i Dubai ki a mātou me tētahi pātai mō ngā āhuatanga o te karāhe, ā, i huri hei arotake hangarau e toru hāora te roa. Kua tohua e tana tīma he karāhe whakamaroke mō ngā tatau reti aunoa i roto i tētahi whare hou e 220 ngā rūma.Kūaha reti aunoa o YufanHe mea hanga ngā pūnaha kia pono ai te tomokanga arumoni. — he kōwhiringa taunoa whaitake, engari i te taha tonu o te huarahi nui te whare, ā, i hoahoatia e te kaihoahoa he panera karāhe mai i te papa ki te tuanui, he 2,400mm te whānui, he 1,100mm te whānui. Nā te whakakotahitanga o te kaha o te hau, ngā rahi o te panera, me te karāhe whakamaroke i hanga he whakatakotoranga kua paahitia e te ture hanga engari kāore i tino tika mō te tono.

I whakakapia e mātou te whakatakotoranga whakamahana ki te karāhe whakakikorua 10.38mm (ngā karāhe whakamahana 5+5mm me te paparanga PVB 0.76mm). Nā te whakapainga oro anake i tika ai te rerekētanga utu mō tētahi hōtēra e tata ana ki tētahi huarahi tere e kawe ana i te 40,000 waka ia rā.Ko te āhuatanga pupuri o te karāhe whakakikorua i muri i te pakaru he painga haumaru anō kāore i whakaarohia e te tīma whakahaere o ngā whare o te hōtēra i te tīmatanga, engari i mārama tonu i muri i tā mātou whakamārama i te rerekētanga.I roto i aku wheako mahi me te karaihe tomokanga arumoni puta noa i te neke atu i te 40 kaupapa i te Middle East me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ka puta anō tēnei āhuatanga me te tino ōrite: ina mārama ngā tīma kaupapa ki te pikitia hangarau katoa, ka toa tonu te whakatakotoranga karaihe whakakikoruatia - nā te mea he iti noa te pikinga utu taha mō te nuinga o ngā tono arumoni o waho e pā ana ki te haumaru me ngā painga oro mō te wā roa. Mai i taua wā kua whakamahia e mātou tēnei huarahi tātari ki ngā pourewa tari i Manila, ngā tomokanga hōhipera i Jakarta, me ngā whare manuhiri hōtēra i Doha, me te hua ōrite i ia wā.

Te Rerekētanga Haumaru Taketake: Te Āhua o Ia Momo Karāhe i te Wā Pakaru

Ko te mārama ki ngā whakaritenga karāhe mō ngā tomokanga arumoni ka tīmata mā te mārama ki ngā mea ka puta ina pakaru ia momo karāhe. Ehara tēnei i te ahupūngao matatini — engari he pānga tika ki te haumaru o te hunga e hikoi ana i roto i ō tatau i ia rā.

Karāhe whakamarokeka whakamahanahia kia puta ai te ahotea pēhanga o te mata. Ina pakaru, ka tukuna te kaha kua rongoatia i roto i te paparanga pēhanga i te wā kotahi, ka pakaru te panera katoa ki ngā kirikiri iti, āhua pūngoi. Kāore i roto i ngā kirikiri ngā taha koi e puta ai ngā whara nui. Koia te take i whakarōpūtia ai te karāhe whakamaroke hei rauemi karāhe haumaru — ka whakaitihia e te tauira pakaru te mōrearea whara ki te whakataurite ki te karāhe whakamahana noa.

Karāhe whakakikoruatiahe mea hanga mai i ngā pane karāhe e rua, neke atu rānei, e herea ana ki tētahi paparanga — e tohu anakaiwhakahaere tatau reti aunoaHe mea nui te matotoru o te karāhe hototahi kia tika ai te taunga. — ko te PVB (polyvinyl butyral) te nuinga, ko te kiriata ionomer SGP (SentryGlas Plus) hou rānei. Ina pakaru te karāhe whakakikoruatia, ka piri ngā kongakonga ki te paparanga o roto, kaua e taka atu. Ka noho tonu te hanganga o te panera, ka hanga he ārai puta noa i te whakatuwheratanga ahakoa i muri i te pānga. Ko tēnei āhuatanga — e mōhiotia ana ko te pumau i muri i te pakaru — te painga haumaru matua o te karāhe whakakikoruatia i roto i ngā tono tomokanga arumoni.

Ko te rerekētanga te mea tino nui i roto i ēnei horopaki motuhake:

• Ngā wāhi e pupuhihia ana e te hau nui:Ka pāngia ngā panera karāhe nui e te piki me te heke o te pēhanga hau e ngā panonitanga nui o te hau. Ka pakaru te panera karāhe whakamaroke i raro i te pēhanga hau, ka taka katoa atu i te anga, ka hanga he pūaha tonu. Ka mau tonu te ārai i waenga i ngā paparanga o te panera whakakikorua o ngā rahinga ōrite ahakoa ka pakaru ngā panera karāhe e rua.
• Ngā taupānga e aro ana ki te haumarutanga:Mō ngā tomokanga e āwangawanga ana mō te ātete ki te whakaurunga ā-ringa (ngā toa whakapaipai, ngā peeke, ngā whare kāwanatanga), ka nui ake te ātete o te karāhe whakakikoruatia me te paparanga SGP ki te whakaeke ā-ringa. Ka taea e te panera whakakikoruatia SGP 10.76mm te ātete i te whakaeke ā-ringa roa mō te 60-120 hēkona, ki te whakaritea ki te 10-20 hēkona mō te karāhe whakamaroke paerewa.
• Te karaihe whakarara i runga ake:Me whakamahi karāhe whakakikoruatia mō ngā whakamahinga karāhe o runga, o runga rānei, i raro i ngā paerewa katoa o te hanganga whare e mōhio ana ahau — nā te tūponotanga o te hinganga mai i runga, kāore e whakaaetia te pakaru o ngā maramara ahakoa te nui o te waka e haere ana.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga Matotoru: Te Taurite i te Karāhe ki tō Pūnaha Tatau

Ko te hapa whakatakotoranga e kitea ana e au i roto i ngā kaupapa tatau arumoni ko te whakatakotoranga i te matotoru o te karāhe e tika ana mō te tono engari kāore e hototahi ki ngā taputapu tatau. Ko te karāhe matotoru rawa mō te kōtaha whakapiri o te kaiwhakahaere tatau e kore e uru; ko te karāhe angiangi rawa ka piko rawa i roto i te anga, ka hanga i ngā kukū taumahatanga ka arahi ki te pakaru wawe.

Mō ngā tatau reti aunoa arumoni, ko ngā whakaritenga matotoru karaihe paerewa ko:

Ngā Whakatakotoranga o te Paewhiri Karāhe Whakamarumaru

• 8mm kua whakamaroketia:He paerewa mō ngā tatau reti aunoa kotahi-papa me te whānui o te papa tae atu ki te 1,000mm me te teitei tae atu ki te 2,100mm. He pai mō ngā tono o roto me waho e tiakina ana, he iti noa te kawenga hau.
• 10mm kua whakamaroketia:Ko te whakatakotoranga arumoni tino noa. Ka taea te whakahaere i te whānui o te panera tae atu ki te 1,500mm me te teitei tae atu ki te 2,400mm i raro i ngā āhuatanga hau noa. Koinei te whakatakotoranga e taunakihia ana e au hei tīmatanga mō te karāhe tomokanga arumoni o waho kāore he āwhina.
• 12mm kua whakamaroketia:E hiahiatia ana mō ngā panera whakatakotoranga nui neke atu i te 1,500mm te whānui, i ngā wāhi rānei e kaha ana te hau (takutai, whare teitei, wāhi kitea). Ka whakamahia hoki ina me tutuki i te karāhe ngā paerewa ātete pānga kua whakarei ake mō ngā tono o runga, o runga rānei.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga o te Paewhiri Karāhe Whakakirikiri

Ko te matotoru o te karāhe whakakikoruatia e whakaatuhia ana ko te tapeke o ngā papa karāhe katoa me te matotoru o waenga-paparanga. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga tatau arumoni tino noa:

• 6.38mm (3+0.38PVB+3):Te matotoru iti rawa mō te karāhe haumaru whakakikoruatia. He pai mō ngā ārai o roto me ngā tomokanga iti te haereere, ko te mea nui ko te pupuri i ngā maramara kaua ki te mahi hanganga.
• 8.38mm (4+0.38PVB+4):He iti rawa te rahi mō ngā tomokanga arumoni o waho e whakamahi ana i te karāhe whakakikorua. He ātete pānga e tika ana, ā, he pupuri tonu i muri i te pakaru mō ngā taumata waka taurite.
• 10.38mm (5+0.38PVB+5):Ko te whakatakotoranga paerewa kua whakakikoruatia mō ngā tomokanga arumoni e nui ana te haere, ngā tomokanga hōtēra, me ngā whare e tata ana ki ngā rori e nui ana te haere. Ka whakarato i te haumaru pānga me te whakaiti i te oro.
• 12.76mm (6+0.76PVB+6) rite rānei ki te SGP:E hiahiatia ana mō ngā karaihe whakarunga, mō ngā tono e aro ana ki te haumarutanga, me ngā panera whakatakotoranga nui e hiahiatia ana te mahi hanganga me te pumau i muri i te pakaru.

Kotahi te tuhipoka whakatakotoranga e whakapoauau pinepine ana: ko te matotoru katoa o te karāhe whakakikoruatia kei roto ko ngā papa karāhe me te paparanga i waenganui. Kei roto i te panera whakakikoruatia 8.38mm e rua ngā karāhe whakamaroke 4mm, ehara i te 8mm o te karāhe — he mea nui tēnei ina tatau ana koe i te taumaha o te pūnaha taraiwa o te kaiwhakahaere tatau me te kaha hanganga o te pūnaha anga.

Te Whakaari Oro: He aha i Hiahiatia ai te Hōtera Tata ki te Huarahi Matua ki te Karāhe Whakakikorua

Me hoki anō ahau ki te kaupapa hōtēra i kōrerotia e au i mua ake nei, nā te mea e whakaatu ana te tātari oro i mahia e mātou he aha i nui ake ai te whakahua i te karāhe whakakikoruatia i roto i ngā tono whare arumoni i te karāhe whakamaroke mō te matotoru ōrite.

I anga atu te tomokanga o te hōtēra ki tētahi huarahi tere, ā, ko te taumata haruru o te awatea he 72-75 dB(A) te ine i te mata o te whare. Ko te whakatakotoranga karāhe whakamaroke taketake (10mm) i whakarato i te whakaiti oro tata ki te 32-33 dB, ka waiho ngā taumata o roto tata ki te 40-42 dB(A) — kei te paepae noa iho o ngā taumata haruru kōrero e kitea ana e ngā manuhiri he pai mō te hunga kōrero.

I muri i te whakawhiti ki te karāhe whakakikoruatia 10.38mm (5+5mm me te paparanga PVB), i pai ake te whakaiti oro ki te 37-38 dB.Karāhe tomokanga arumoniKei roto i ngā whakaritenga a Yufan Beifan ngā kōwhiringa whakamahana me ngā kōwhiringa whakakikorua mō ia whakaritenga kaupapa, ka eke te taumata o roto ki te 35-37 dB(A) — he taiao marino ake, ā, i whakaūtia e ngā rangahau mō te pai o te noho o ngā manuhiri he whakapainga nui.Ka mahi te paparanga PVB hei paparanga whakamākū oro, e mimiti ana i te kaha oro auau-waenga e tukuna tika ana e te pa o te karāhe mārō-ki-te-karāhe i roto i ngā panera kua whakapakeketia. Ehara tēnei i te whakapainga iti noa iho — he whakahekenga 3-5 dB, e tohu ana i te whakahekenga tata ki te 40-50% o te haruru e kitea ana.

Mō ngā whakaurunga arumoni e tata ana ki ngā taunga rererangi, ngā rēriwe, ngā rori tāone nui rānei, ka tūtohu ahau kia tohua he karāhe whakakikoruatia ahakoa e whakaaetia ana e te ture hanga whare te karāhe whakapakeke. Ko te rerekētanga utu (ko te tikanga he 25-40% teitei ake mō ngā panera whakakikoruatia me ngā panera whakapakeke ōrite) ka whakahokia mai mā te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o ngā manuhiri me te whakaiti i ngā amuamu e pā ana ki te haruru.Kaiwhakahaere tatau reti aunoa YF200

Te Mahi Wera: Te Whiwhinga Wera o te Rā me ngā Pānga Pūngao

He nui te pānga o ngā tatau reti aunoa arumoni me ngā panera karāhe nui ki te mahi wera o te whare. He rite tonu te pai o te tuku i te hihi o te rā e ngā karāhe whakamahana me ngā karāhe whakakikoruatia — he iti ake te hiranga o te momo karāhe i ngā whakaritenga paninga mō te mahi wera. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te karāhe whakamahana me te karāhe whakakikoruatia i roto i ngā tono wera ko te whanonga o te paparanga i raro i te wera tonu. Ka tīmata te ngohengohe o te paparanga PVB paerewa i te 70-80°C pea, ka taea ai te wehewehe i te karāhe whakakikoruatia i raro i te ahotea wera nui — hei tauira, mēnā ka wera te panera i te taha kotahi i te kore ōrite. Mō ngā tono ahi-whakamātautau, me whakamahi he karāhe whakakikoruatia ahi-whakamātautau motuhake e whakamahi ana i te karāhe borosilicate, i ngā paparanga waea-mata rānei — kāore te karāhe whakakikoruatia paerewa e whakarato i te ātete ahi mēnā kāore i te tohua motuhaketia pērā.

Kua tūtaki mātou ki ngā hapa wehewehe i roto i ngā kaupapa i tohua ai e te kaihoahoa te karaihe whakakikorua PVB paerewa mō ngā tono mata o te whare e anga ana ki te tonga i roto i ngā whare o te rohe o te Moana-a-Kiwa — nā te huinga o te hihi tika o te rā me ngā pāmahana taiao teitei i hanga ai ngā pāmahana o waenga-paparanga e tata ana ki te paepae whakangawari PVB i ngā marama raumati. Ko tā mātou taunakitanga mō ngā tono hihi nui i roto i ngā āhuarangi wera ko te tohu i te paparanga SGP kaua ki te PVB paerewa, me tono rānei kia pania te paninga iti-E ārai-UV ki te mata karaihe o waho hei whakaiti i te uta wera tika o te rā ki runga i te paparanga. Mā tētahi o ngā huarahi e rua ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te wehewehe wawe me te kore e whakarerekē i te momo karaihe, i te whakatakotoranga matotoru rānei.

Ngā whakaritenga mō te karāhe tatau aunoaKei roto i a Yufan Beifan ngā kōwhiringa whakamātao iti-E me ngā kōwhiringa whakakikoruatia mō ngā whakaurunga arumoni e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te pikinga wera o te rā. ngā kiriata whakahaere rā rānei hei whakaiti i te pikinga wera o te rā. He whakatau motuhake te momo karāhe me te whakatakotoranga paninga — ka taea e koe te tohu i te karāhe whakamātao iti-E, whakamātao iti-E rānei, i runga i ō hiahia haumaru me te oro.

Hototahi ki te Kaiwhakahaere Kūaha Aunoa: Te Take Whakatakotoranga Tino Kāore i te Mōhiotia

E ai ki taku wheako, ko te pūtake nui rawa atu o ngā hapa whakatakotoranga i roto i te karāhe tatau reti arumoni ko te korenga e manatoko i te hototahitanga ki ngā whakatakotoranga taputapu a te kaiwhakahaere tatau aunoa i mua i te whakaoti i te ota karāhe. He rohe matotoru karāhe mōrahi kei ngā kaiwhakahaere tatau i runga i te hoahoa kōtaha piri - ko te tohu karāhe e neke atu ana i tēnei rohe ko te tikanga kāore e taea te tāuta i te karāhe me te kore e whakarerekētia e te kaiwhakahaere.

Ngā āhuatanga hototahi me manatoko mō ia kaupapa:

• Te matotoru mōrahi o te karāhe:Ka taea e te kōtaha rawhi o te kaiwhakahaere te tango i te karāhe mai i te matotoru iti ki te matotoru mōrahi. Mēnā ka nui ake i te matotoru mōrahi, ka kore e taea te tāuta; ki te iti iho i te matotoru mōrahi, ka kore e ranea te pupuri o te rawhi, ā, ka tūpono te haumaru.
• Taumaha o te waeine karāhe:Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere tatau reti aunoa he nui rawa te taumaha o ngā panera tatau. He taumaha ake te karāhe whakakikorua he rite te matotoru i te karāhe whakamakuku — ko te taumaha o te panera whakakikorua 10.38mm he tata ki te 25 kg/m², ā, ko te taumaha mō te 10mm whakamakuku he tata ki te 25 kg/m² (ka tāpirihia e te paparanga waenga he tata ki te 0.8 kg/m²). Mō ngā panera nui ake, ka taea te whakahaere i tēnei rerekētanga taumaha; mō ngā tatau kiato ka taea te tata ki te rohe taumaha o te kaiwhakahaere.
• Whānui o te mata o te rawhi:He whānui mata motuhake tō te kōtaha rawhi o te kaiwhakahaere, me rite, me neke atu rānei i te whakaritenga o te taha karāhe. Me tohu te karāhe kōhao (e hiahiatia ana mō ētahi hoahoa rawhi) i mua i te whakamahana, te whakakikorua rānei — kāore e taea te tapahi, te kōhao rānei i te karāhe whakamahana, whakakikorua rānei i muri i te hanga.

Ka arotakehia e te tīma hangarau a Yufan Beifan ngā whakaritenga katoa o te karāhe ki te tauira a te kaiwhakahaere i mua i te whakaū i te whaihua o te ota. Kua whakakahoretia e mātou ngā ota karāhe ina kore te karāhe i tohua e hototahi ki te kaiwhakahaere — he pai ake te tautuhi i tēnei i mua i te hanga o te karāhe i muri i te taenga mai ki te wāhi tāutanga.

Ngā Paerewa o te Ao me ngā Whakaritenga Tiwhikete

Me tutuki i te karāhe tomokanga arumoni ngā paerewa motuhake i runga i te mākete me te tono. Mā te mārama ki ngā paerewa e pā ana ki tō kaupapa ka ārai i ngā hapa whakatakotoranga ka whakaroa i te whakaaetanga, ka hiahiatia rānei he utu nui mō te whakahou whakatakotoranga i waenganui o te kaupapa.

Mō ngā mākete o te GCC me te Middle East:Me tutuki te karāhe i ngā paerewa kounga SASO me ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te waehere hanga whare o UAE, o GCC rānei. Me whai tiwhikete tuatoru mai i te SGS, Bureau Veritas, me ētahi atu mea rite rānei te karāhe whakakikorua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono hanga whare, i ngā tono haumaru rānei. Ka whakaratohia e mātou he mōkihi tuhinga katoa mō ngā whakaritenga kawemai o te mākete o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.

Mō ngā mākete Pākehā:He mea whakahau te tohu CE mō ngā hua hanga katoa e hokona ana i roto i te EU, tae atu ki te karāhe haumaru mō ngā tomokanga arumoni. Me tutuki i te karāhe whakakikoruatiaEN 14449me ngā mea e tika anaEN 14449te whakarōpūtanga mō te ātete pānga. Mō ngā tono o runga, ngā tātaitanga hanganga tāpiri mō iaEN 12150e hiahiatia ana i te nuinga o te wā.

Mō ngā mākete o Amerika Te Raki:Me tutuki i ngā rauemi karaihe haumaruCPSC 16 CFR 1201Ngā whakaritenga pānga Kāwai II. Mō ngā tomokanga arumoni, mā te tohu i te karāhe kua whakamanahia i mua ki te CPSC Kāwai II ka karohia te hiahia mō ngā whakamātautau motuhake ki tētahi kaupapa — me tono tēnei whakamana mai i te kaiwhakarato karāhe i mua i te hoko.

Te Whakatakoto i te Karāhe mō tō Kūaha Reti Aunoa: He Rārangi Arowhai Whaihua

I runga i ngā rau o ngā kaupapa tatau arumoni puta noa i te Middle East, te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, me Ūropi, anei te rārangi arowhai whaihua e hoatu ana e au ki ia kaihoko e arotake ana i ngā kōwhiringa karāhe mō ngā tomokanga tatau reti aunoa:

• Tautuhia te whakaritenga haumaru matua:Te pupuri i muri i te pakaru (whakakiripiri) te whakaiti maramara rānei (whakapakari)? Ko ngā tono e nui ana te haere, e pāngia ana e te hau, e aro ana rānei ki te haumarutanga me whakamahi i te karāhe whakakiripiri taunoa. Ko ngā tono o roto, o roto rānei, he iti ake te haere, ka taea te whakamahi i te karāhe whakapakari.
• Whakaūtia ngā whakaritenga mahi oro:Mena kei te taha o te huarahi te tomokanga (>60 dB te haruru o te mata o te whare), tohua he karaihe whakakikorua me te matotoru iti rawa o te 10.38mm. Ehara tēnei i te mea whiriwhiri — koinei te whakaritenga iti rawa mō te whakapai ake i te oro.
• Manatokohia ngā whakaritenga rahinga me te kaihanga o tō kaiwhakahaere tatau:I mua i te tuku i te ota karāhe, whakaūhia te matotoru mōrahi, te matotoru iti rawa, me te taumaha mōrahi mā te tauira kaiwhakahaere e whakamahia ana e koe.Tikina tēnei whakaū ā-tuhi.
• Tauwhāitihia te whakarite taha i mua i te hanga:Mena me whai tapa karāhe kōhatu, āhua rānei tō hoahoa rawhi, tohua tēnei i mua i te whakamahana, i te whakapiripiri rānei. He iti noa te whakarerekētanga o te taha i muri i te hanga, ā, ka kore pea e whai mana te tiwhikete.
• Tonoa ngā tuhinga whakamana mō tō mākete ūnga:Me whai tuhinga SASO ngā mākete GCC; me whai tohu CE ngā mākete o te EU; me whai tiwhikete hanganga ture CPSC ngā kaupapa o Amerika Te Raki. Tonoa ēnei mai i te kaihanga karāhe i mua i te tukunga, kaua i muri i te tukunga.
• Whakaurua ngā whakaritenga ātete UV ki roto i te whakatakotoranga:Mō ngā whakamahinga o waho, inā koa i ngā taiao UV teitei pērā i te Middle East me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, tohua ngā paparanga ātete-UV mō te karāhe whakakikoruatia hei ārai i te kōwhai i te roanga o te wā. He rawaka te paparanga PVB paerewa mō ngā whakamahinga o roto; engari mō ngā tomokanga karaihe o waho, tohua te paparanga PVB, SGP rānei kua whakapūmauhia e te UV. Kua mahi tahi mātou me ngā kaupapa i hiahiatia ai te whakakapinga karāhe katoa i roto i ngā tau e rima mō te kōwhai wawe o te paparanga PVB paerewa — he hua utu nui kāore i taea te karo i ngā whakaritenga tuatahi tika.
• Whakaarohia te raima mō ngā tono oro-nui i te taunoa:Mena kāore te whakaritenga tomokanga e hiahia ana ki te karāhe whakamaroke, ā, kei roto i te kaupapa he taiao e aro ana ki te oro (te tomokanga hōtēra, te tomokanga hōhipera, te whare tuhi oro e tata ana ki te whare), me whakamahi noa i te karāhe whakakikoruatia, kaua e pātai he aha te take e hiahiatia ai te whakakikoruatia. He nui ngā painga oro me te haumaru, he iti te utu, ā, he nui te utu me te roa o te wā ki te huri i te whakaritenga i muri i te tono karāhe.

Mena kei te arotake koe i ngā whakaritenga karāhe mō tētahi kaupapa tatau reti arumoni, ā, kāore koe i te tino mōhio mēnā ko te karāhe whakamaroke, ko te karāhe whakakikoruatia rānei te whiringa tika mō tō tono, kei te wātea tā mātou tīma hangarau ki te arotake i ngā whakaritenga o tō kaupapa me te tuku taunakitanga tuhituhi i runga i ō taumata waka motuhake, ngā āhuatanga o te kawenga hau, ngā whakaritenga oro, me ngā paerewa mākete ūnga. Ka whakautu mātou ki ngā patai hangarau i roto i ngā haora 24 me ngā taunakitanga motuhake, ehara i te mōhiohio hua whānui.